Ask any chimney technician how they were injured, and words like tired, late in the day, hot, and in a hurry will be some of the words that will creep into the conversation. 
Accidents occur. It could be something you’ve done or skipped multiple times, but it catches you off guard this time. Always care for yourself first!
Before starting a chimney scanning job, put on your PPE equipment, especially an appropriate respirator. Soot and fly ash have no place inside your lungs. Soot can stain and smear. Please do not touch it! Vacuum it off without touching it with the hose end (hover).
Regarding your camera system, all of our Chim-Scan® units are designed to handle the soot and cinders – you are not! We recommend wiping it after use to remove the soot from the cable and camera (use separate cloths). Other unit safety tips are:
• Ensure it is seated securely on the hearth or drop cloth.
• If you use it on the roof, ensure it is secured so it won’t slide off. For information on scanning from the roof, click here to see a whole series of videos. 
• Talk to your insurance agent so your Chim-Scan® Unit is insured in case of theft or damage. Not all policies cover a unit in transit or use at your customer’s home. Get Inland Marine coverage for this.
Oil soot contains sulfur; when it mixes with moisture, it becomes sulfuric acid. Inhaling it where it is exposed to moisture in your sinuses and lungs could harm your lungs and burn your sinuses if left unprotected. If you do not use a respirator, oil soot in your sinuses will be an experience you will not forget. Coal appliances also have sulfur in the soot, but are not as concentrated as oil, and can still burn your sinuses. 
 Clothing covers help keep you clean for the next job. You may choose Tyvek suits or other coveralls. Disposable nitrile gloves are handy, especially if you must move fireplace toolsets or touch an appliance that might leave residue on your hands before putting on your heavy work gloves. If you need to go to the roof, always reference OSHA Guidelines for fall protection equipment, hard hats, or helmets when accessing the roof and in other situations where protection equipment is required.
Care for yourself first. There’s not another you, and in that moment, you are choosing to put yourself first or accept the consequences if you harm yourself because of a shortcut. Don’t do it! That one-minute time saver may cost you your life!

​Are all of your employees on the same page? Is there a discrepancy in terms or procedures? Does your office staff understand what your chimney technicians are trying to tell them? Does it take a long time to train new employees? These problems can be solved with the Chim-Scan® Factory Training (CSFT) class.

This class/book follows a video scanning and inspection process. Each of the five modules takes the technician from one transition point to the next. It provides an up-close view within the structure.  There is also a 17-page glossary with terms and images. The book includes over 400 photos that explain what you will see in the flue. 

How can your team be aligned if your technicians don’t agree on terms or the procedure? Is this causing confusion with your office staff? If each employee who trains a new technician uses their own terms and unique processes, this confuses the technicians and office support staff! Having streamlined training is essential to having a staff that works together. 
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Do your technicians understand what is happening in the flue? A cracked chimney does not always mean a chimney fire has occurred. A crack may indicate one of these causes: overfiring, chimney fire, or a seismic event. This book focuses in depth on the symptoms to look for other than cracks. There is other evidence to gather, images to capture, and analysis of how this may affect the structure. 

Highlights for the CSFT book and training:
• What is an Ideal Chimney? How does it stand up to IRC and NFPA 211?
• When do I use IRC, NFPA 211, or the appliance manufacturer’s installation instructions?
• Understanding the Levels of Inspection and Chimney Scanning
• Cracks in the flue, Thermal Stress, and Thermal Shock
• Best viewing angles for scanning – the best angle to use by defect for the best images
• The Four Pathways to Deterioration, with examples and images
• Best Access Points for scanning
• What you might find in a chimney (animals, types of soot, etc.).
• Equipment check
• Scanning patterns

Once technicians become familiar with the content in the book, they can take the Chim-Scan® Factory Trained Technician Test to achieve this designation. They will earn a certificate and a patch. A copy of the logo is also available for their use now. This will put them light years ahead of their competition and make them a source of knowledge for homeowners.

Masonry Clay Flue Tile Defects
Masonry clay flue tiles meet a harsh environment inside the chimney. Corrosive condensation, moisture, chimney fires, and other conditions may damage a flue tile. In certain circumstances, a clay flue tile can last for decades, provided they are maintained and the homeowner operates the appliance or burns responsibly.

Latent Defects are defects found within the system from improper and sometimes creative use of material that stray from building codes or the manufacturer's installation instructions. This deviation from the codes or installation instructions creates various issues within an installation.

Wear and Tear is the natural aging process where material breaks down over time. Wear and tear can also include how an appliance is operated. If it is too hot, it decreases the life of the appliance, chimney, and connector pipe. If the temperatures are too low, it can create a tar-like creosote and increase the likelihood of a Sudden Occurrence (or condensation with gas/oil). Another factor is maintenance or lack of maintenance. Wear and tear can sometimes overlap with other categories.

Moisture and Condensation damage occur when water enters the chimney interior due to a missing cap, leaking crown, cracks in the brick structure, freeze-thaw breaks in the bed or head joints, and a poor choice of brick, causing excess water absorption. Another source of water in a chimney can come from condensation. This condensation occurs when the flue gas temperature falls below the dew point. Because of the water percentage in natural gas and liquid propane, the flue gases may condense in masonry chimneys, especially those located along the home's exterior.
The next fuel to condense is wood. When the warm gases reach the masonry flue liners, they, too, cool off. The moisture is included with the other byproducts of wood burning – black creosote, watery or tarlike soot.
The last fuel, oil, will also condense on the masonry walls. Due to the higher efficiencies that oil appliances can now operate, they too will condense and, with their acidic nature, can destroy masonry clay flue tiles.

A Sudden Occurrence is a sudden event that causes damage. It can be a chimney fire, a sudden weather-related incident(s) such as a tornado, strong wind, or a seismic event. It has to be out of the ordinary of daily operations.
A Sudden Occurrence, the last Pathway, includes damage seen from a direct and sudden event. Indirect manners can apply to areas where mine subsidence has occurred (where mining was performed). Of the Pathways, this last defect(s) will usually become an insurable loss. The other three defect categories – Latent Defect, Wear & Tear, and Moisture are generally not insurable losses since insurance contracts (policies) do not include them.

​In the early 90s, the only rods available were the fine thread screw-together fiberglass and the Euro-type thick threaded rods. We soon found that the camera's weight and the scanning method (people were turning the rods in multiple directions) caused the rods to unscrew and the rods and the camera to tumble down the chimney. We devised a locking rod at about the same time as the Button-Lok™ rods. We became the first two locking chimney rods on the market.

Our Kwick-Lock™ rods are based on an air hose fitting that many people are familiar with. We made 5 ft rods just like everybody else until late 1999 when Tom was invited to scan a chimney in Japan after a structural fire. The previous year, he had gone with his family on a sister cities trip, and the people remembered him and what we did. 

The problem was that you couldn't fly with 5-foot rods, and they realized that everything had to fit in a single suitcase since flying to Japan was not cheap. Tom figured out that if he could cut the rods down to 30 inches, they would fit perfectly inside the bottom of his suitcase, and he could fly without any problems (TSA loved him!). 
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When he arrived at the house, he brought his rods, unpacked them, and started connecting them. He realizes he is not fighting with the rods as much as he's used to. While trying to figure it out, he scans and explains his findings to the Japanese via a translator. He then realizes he's not fighting with the rods because they're shorter. The distance from where his hand was holding the rod from the firebox floor to the smoke chamber is approximately 30 inches, give or take a few.   He came back home to Iowa and started with his fireplace and some friend's fireplace to figure out if 30 inches was still good. After testing, sending sample rods to industry friends, and asking for feedback, “Is it just me?”  He soon found out it wasn't just him. When people started using the rods, they found that they weren't having the same struggle they had with the longer rods. There wasn't as much pressure on their shoulders, and they weren't beating up their camera as much. Life became much easier when scanning and using the rods to clean chimneys, all because Tom had to fit a whole set of chimney rods into a suitcase. 

I’ve been involved in the chimney industry since the late ‘70s when my wife and I started our chimney sweeping business. Anyone who was a sweep during this time enjoyed a business that boomed during the fall and winter, then fell off in the spring and summer. How times have changed. In these early days, there were no criteria for chimney inspections. Chimney sweeps swept the chimney, maybe noted some issues to the homeowner about the soot level,and left. Litigation and insurance companies started to change the industry and were the basis for developing the industry’s Standard of Care. 
Taking the NFPA 211 Annex and placing it into installation type.
One day, at the turn of the century, as I sat on my deck relaxing, my mind wandered back to the year 1998 when a bunch of guys and I drafted the Levels of Inspections, Degrees of Access, and the list of inspection items in Chapters 14 & 15 and in the NFPA 211 Annex. As I thought about how it would be incorporated into a chimney technician’s inspection, I realized it would be difficult for the technician to try to hit all the inspection items from memory. Additionally, some items would apply to one type of installation, but not all. Today, 25 years later, some chimney technicians are still missing inspection items from NFPA 211. It’s almost as if our industry Standard of Care slipped through our fingers. Is it because there are too many items for a technician to inspect? No, we've become lazy and pick and choose what we want. This led me to begin my 10,000 hours of creating what became the Flue and Hearth Notes™ inspection forms. 
Different Installation Types.
Forty years ago, before NFPA 211’s Inspection criteria, an inspection form was created with a fireplace and a handful of inspection items to check. It was in triplicate form, and chimney sweeps used it for all types of installations. It was used for all chimneys. However, a fireplace inspection differs dramatically from a chimney serving a gas water heater and an oil boiler venting into one flue. Unfortunately, some chimney sweeps and technicians still use these forms.  Twenty years ago, I envisioned building a comprehensive inspection form Based on NFPA 211 but for specific applications such as a Masonry Fireplace, a Prefabricated Fireplace, a Masonry Thimble Chimney Serving an Appliance(s), and a Prefabricated Chimney Serving an Appliance(s).  Although these installations all have chimneys, each chimney vents a different type of heating unit or fireplace. In addition, the fuels can differ: LP gas, natural gas, oil, coal, wood, and pellets.
No installations are the same, but you will see the same types of defects.
Every installation is unique, but the types of defects are the same across the board. For instance, defects can range from vertical and horizontal cracks, protruding mortar joints, stacked liners, and misaligned liners to missing chimney liners.
Start creating a Unity track: Defining what’s important.
One of my all-time favorite stories is one Tom Grandy shared about a trip to the dentist. As with any dental visit, almost everyone gets the lecture about how to floss twice a day, and we are given the same demonstration of how to floss each time we brush. One day, after a lecture on flossing, Tom shared what we all feel, and the dentists regularly hear. “I hate to floss!” I suppose that day, the dentist had heard it for the umpteenth time, and he was ready. He responded, “OK, just do the teeth you want to keep!” This has similarities to our industry. A technician can’t just pick and choose what they want to search for (the insurable cracked flue liner). All inspection items must be investigated (NFPA 211, Chapters 14, 15, and the Annex). I felt pulling all this together would create unity on chimney inspections in our industry since it didn’t seem to be happening.
The start of the Flue and Hearth Notes™ (10,000 hours) of form building and why and how they are built.
I began with the vision of a unified form. I grouped inspection items with installation types. I further included an area for defects related to specific areas, such as a chimney liner. I grouped inspection items per area where they were found in the chimney or fireplace. I included information on appliances. I had professionally created drawings and pulled everything into multiple inspection report forms. Recently, I added more forms to the offering and broke them down by fuels. We now have eight form types: Masonry Fireplace, Masonry Fireplace with a Hearth Stove, Masonry Fireplace with an Insert, Masonry Thimble Chimney Serving a Solid Fuel Appliance, Masonry Thimble Chimney Serving a Liquid Fuel Appliance(s), Prefabricated Chimney Serving a Solid Fuel Appliance, Prefabricated Chimney Serving a Liquid Fuel(s) Appliance, and Prefabricated Fireplace and Chimney. We have Level I and Level II forms for each installation type. That’s 16 forms in total. But then, we went a step further.

​I recently read that people spend much of their spare time on smartphones and the internet. Hey, with so much information and entertainment, why pick up a book or learn a new hobby when you can watch someone else in an app? The desire to discover, learn more, understand, and be the best is diminishing. Instead of scanning the entire flue, searching every crack and joint, the inspection often stops at the vertical crack in the flue tile. It’s like a “good enough” mentality. When it comes to chimneys, if defects are missed, is this ever “good enough”? It seems that we, as an industry, are failing the American Public.
Insufficient or poor-quality information
I’ve been sent reports from homeowners all over the US. They are concerned, and from these reports I’ve seen, they have a right to be. Some of these reports have been from industry “leaders.”
In these reports, confusion is woven into many of the inspection reports I’ve received. Some contain a multitude of pages (up to 20+). Some have paragraphs on some pages, and several pages later, the corresponding image sits surrounded by other images. Connecting the paragraphs with the photos is impossible in the homeowner's eyes. In addition, I’ve picked up on some defects from the pictures not mentioned in the report and incorrect information in the report.
Some sweeps still use the old single fireplace with checkboxes from almost four decades ago. The customer wonders what a fireplace form has to do with their oil boiler and gas water heater. Then there’s NFPA 211 Chapters 14 and 15, along with the inspection items, which aren’t listed on these old forms. 
 Some reports contain technical jargon and scary words like condemned, house fire, death, etc. The customers don’t understand what’s going on. They feel pushed and aren’t sure where to turn to get their questions answered. Sometimes, a competitor straightens them out. Other times, they find us online and send us copies of their reports. This is a credibility wrecker within this industry. 
Customers won’t buy something they don’t understand.
Customers who don’t understand why they need a repair may get a second opinion because the report is weighted in technical jargon and scare tactics. It’s essential that the customer understands the defect first and then is presented with a solution written in an easy-to-understand manner. That’s called solution selling. Present the defect so the customer understands the problem. THEN, present the solution, which usually sells itself. Customers feel better because they “get it,” they are making an informed decision, and aren’t pressured by threats such as “Your house will burn down.”
No unity of inspections
In 1998, a group of chimney specialists created Chapters 14 and 15, including the Levels of Inspection and the inspection items in the NFPA 211 Annex. The goal was to eliminate confusion about chimney inspections and streamline the industry. This created the chimney industry Standard of Care. Unfortunately, not all chimney inspection technicians use this information, even today, 25+ years later. 
Imagine if each airline pilot's prep before a flight with 250 people wasn’t standardized with an industry-standard preflight checklist. Some might take shortcuts. Others will take a long time to check everything. But no one would be on the same page. This lack of coordination historically resulted in accidents. When there is no consistency, problems arise. This is happening in our industry.
The future of our industry depends on unity, particularly chimney inspections. This was the goal in 1998, which was the thorn in everyone’s side).
If our industry continues to ignore the Levels of Inspection and not follow the requirements set forth in NFPA 211 Chapters 14 & 15 and items in the Annex, it will not end well. Usually, this happens with litigation. It is already happening. It’s called failure to report. That’s also in NFPA 211. NFPA 211 Chapters 14 & 15 are now case law. The precedence is set. If you are not following the Inspection of Existing Chimneys (chapter 14) and hitting these items, it’s just a matter of time. It may lead homeowners to get rid of their fireplaces.

​Making informed decisions is essential when it comes to your home. Your chimney is no different. Most interior flue defects are not apparent to the naked eye. This is why having your chimney swept, scanned, and inspected at least annually is so critical. We manufacture the Chim-Scan® Internal Evaluation Systems, chimney cameras for detecting and recording defects and healthy flue images. We are in the chimney inspection business!
Here's an example of why having your chimney scanned annually is so important! 
A homeowner had his chimney swept every year. The chimney sweep, in good faith, thought he was doing a great job of cleaning and inspecting the chimney. There was one catch, though. He didn't use a chimney camera. A year later, he brought a camera to the job. The camera revealed damage to the chimney's interior that might have resulted in a house fire if the conditions were right. Conditions within the chimney can change, which is why it’s so important to have your chimney cleaned, scanned, and inspected at least once annually.
We began our company as a chimney sweeps. In the early '80s, no camera would work in a chimney. We became frustrated when sweeping chimneys because we couldn’t see the flue's interior. It was quite a challenge, but we built our first chimney camera, the only dedicated one at the time. It meant long days, including hard work, all done around our sweeping business. It took over a year to build the first unit. Fast-forward to today (40 years later), where technology is abundant, and we continue to innovate, update, and educate. We’ve come a long way.  
Additionally, when educating our customers, we created the Chim-Scan® Factory-Trained Technician Program, which includes training and two books on scanning and inspecting chimneys. This educational program was written for chimney sweeps, home inspectors, and others interested in chimney scanning. We even offer classes. Our president, Tom Urban, is an industry expert and teacher. He taught at the Chimney Safety Institute of America School, National Chimney Sweep Guild Events, State Chimney Guilds, and other locations. We also provide in-house training in our lab in Fairfield, Iowa.
Tom was interviewed on 20/20, CNN, newspapers, and other sources. He was even a guest star in an episode of This Old House. We also want to help America's homeowners enjoy their fireplaces and keep them warm and toasty. So, look for more blogs or follow us on Facebook, Instagram, or TickTok.

​Whether performing chimney inspections or reading a chimney inspection report, one thing is clear: It is hard to argue with a high-resolution picture taken during a chimney inspection with a camera showing defects deep inside the flue. A chimney inspection done with the naked eye is no comparison to an internal chimney scanning. I used a 5’ chimney prop with hidden defects in the chimney inspections and classes I taught for 21 years. Almost 99.9% of the time, the inspectors missed an opening defect within the flue by inspecting only with a flashlight and the naked eye. These defects were only 17” from their face. 

Images and videos from scanning chimneys are one part of the equation. If you read a report with multiple pictures, can you understand what the defects are and what caused them? Here are some other questions to consider:

1. Can you identify and define “What is a defect?” within the chimney interior?"
2. Can you determine how the defect was created or the most probable way it was created?
3. Did you rule out other causes and conditions, leaving probable causes as to why the defect is there?

In my forty years in the chimney industry, I have accumulated a lot of images, videos, and knowledge regarding chimney construction and defects. I have also spoken at national and state organizations and taught at a national trade organization school for over twenty years (Chimney Safety Institute of America). 

This wealth of experience led me to envision a way to share this information with the chimney industry and anyone interested in internal chimney inspections, culminating in the following book. The Chimney Scanning & Inspection Guide.
Within this book is a brief outline:

• Where to start – Use IRC, NFPA 211, local codes, or the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
• Where to put drop cloths and prepare the area for the inspection
• How does scanning chimneys fit within the Levels of Inspection (NFPA 211)? Where do the Levels of Accessibility fit into all this?
• How do structure integrity and flue condition compare to what is the ideal chimney in the code books?
• What is happening within the flue and the chimney?
• What is the probable cause of the defect or symptom, along with an explanation?

Operating a chimney camera using the proper techniques and observation skills should produce more answers regarding the flue’s condition rather than presenting more questions. Since there are many types of installation, we segmented this book into modules to provide a step-by-step approach to chimney scanning by chimney type. The modules include:
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• Scanning a Masonry Chimney and Fireplace
• Scanning a  Masonry Chimney and Fireplace with an Appliance (Hearth Stove & Insert)
• Scanning a Masonry Thimble Chimney Serving an Appliance(s) (Solid Fuel or Liquid Fuel(s)
• Scanning a Prefab Chimney and Fireplace
• Scanning a Prefab Chimney Serving an Appliance (Solid Fuel or Liquid Fuel(s)

Each installation type offers its unique challenges. We detail the differences between types of installations, including conditions to be alert for and the typical defects for each. The training modules listed above tell you the best access points and offer a step-by-step assessment process for home protection, defect diagnosis, and cleanup. If you would like more information about our books, click here. Otherwise, continue reading our blogs to learn about your interests.

Becoming a Chim-Scan® Factory-Trained Technician is a unique factory training program. It starts with our Chimney Scanning and inspection Guide. You can take the test once you feel confident that you know the information. You will receive a patch, certificate, and the Chim-Scan® Factory-Trained designation upon passing. 
 There are many benefits of becoming a Chim-Scan® Factory Trained Technician: 
• You may be able to get lower insurance coverage rates. Ask your agent about this.
• You receive a certificate, a patch, and the number upon passing. 
• You receive a copy of our Chim-Scan® Technician Logo for advertising. 
• This book is packed with great information: 

•  There are over 400 pictures in the book.
• The book explains Levels of Inspection and Access Points
• When to refer to IRC and NFPA 211
• Angles of imagery
• Probable cause
• The Four Pathways
• Five modules featuring multiple installation types

1. Masonry fireplace
2. Masonry fireplace with an appliance - insert or hearth stove
3. Masonry thimble chimney with a solid or liquid fuel appliance(s)
4. Prefab fireplace & chimney
5. Prefab chimney with a solid fuel or liquid fuel appliance(s)

The open-book multiple-choice test is based on this guide, the Chim-Scan® Manual, and knowledge of the Chim-Scan® System. Each question is worth one point. Since this is an open-book test, 85% of correct answers are passing scores. 
You can take the test online. Once you finish the test (100 questions) and press the Submit Button, you will receive your pass/fail at that time. Your Certificate of Completion is ready to print directly off the site. You can take it up to two times before you incur an additional charge. 
Here is the breakdown of the test and manual cost: 
The training Manual is $200 in print form, including the test for one person (there is a retest fee if the test needs retaking more than twice). If you order your book(s) before 1/31/2025, you will only pay ($87 + $15.50 shipping.) 
For each test, it is only $50 for each individual from the same company. For information on taking the 
test, scan the QR code below, visit our website at www.chimscanfactorytraining.com, or give us a call to order at 641-472-7643. 

​With Tips from See-More Chimneys
The turkey smells amazing. Your mouth is watering over the delectable cookies, candies, and pies neatly arranged on the counter. The presents are under the tree, festively wrapped with bright bows and colorful wrappings. The fireplace is burning brightly, sending a soft glow into the room. It occasionally snaps and pops as it sends heat into the room.  With this beautiful scene, keeping the fireplace burning brightly is essential.
Create a Kid and Pet Buffer Zone (and for some adults)
Create an area around the fireplace where children or pets aren’t able to fall against or get near the fireplace opening. A child focused on a stocking is quick as lightning and can outmaneuver most adults; Burns or falls against the outer hearth can lead to tears and fears. Also, keep in mind there is always one relative who wants to play with the fireplace. Set your boundaries gently. Fireplace screens or “fireplace gate and fence systems” are great. 
Open the Damper
Always ensure the fireplace damper is fully open before starting a fireplace fire. A closed damper can cause smoke to back up into your home, sending everyone right out the front door into the 
Protection From Flying Sparks
The snap and pop are part of the fireplace charm. When this happens, sparks can fly. A sturdy screen covering the fireplace front is necessary to keep sparks from flying as far as three feet or more into the room. 
cold. 
Kindling or Firestarters?
Start your logs easier by using kindling, a few pieces of wadded-up newspaper, a commercial firestarter, or a gas-fired ignitor for starting wood logs. Never use any gasoline or chemicals not designed for use in a fireplace! Aim for cozy, not crispy!
Hanging the Stockings With Care
Keep all stockings, baskets, firewood, or other decorations a minimum of 36” away from the fireplace opening, as recommended by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). Yes, any combustible item can ignite if it is too close to the opening.
Ash Disposal
Only dispose of cool ashes and use a metal ash bucket with a tight-fitting lid. Unfortunately, people often underestimate the ability of hot ashes dumped into a container to cause a fire. Combustibles such as leaves, debris, and landscaping can ignite a blow around when an ember ignites. Garages, homes, landscaping, or other structures can catch fire. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) recommends that cool ashes should be placed a minimum of 10’ away from the home. Cold ashes around the base of rose bushes are good for them.
Firewood
When starting a fire, you may be tempted to ball up some wrapping paper in the firebox and woosh ‘fire,’ but as cool as this is, you’re damaging the chimney.
Burning paper and cardboard can cause massive temperature changes inside the chimney. These rapid temperature changes can cause terra cotta liners to break and metal liners to warp. So, spare yourself; use approved kindling, firestarters, and seasoned firewood.
Now, finding seasoned wood is hard unless you have a stack of wood outside your home. You can burn unseasoned wood, but you’ll want to ensure your chimney is checked the following spring. Softwoods cut in the spring can dry during the spring and summer and are usually seasoned in six months. Hardwoods cut during the same time may take a year to season. 
Fireplaces are a “must” for celebrating holidays. The warmth of the fireplace, the bright golden light, and the sounds of snapping and popping have created a perfect background for making beautiful memories. From the manufacturer of Chim-Scan® Inspection Systems, we wish you the best holidays ever!